• Attending Physician, Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University Hospital.

• Orthopedics
• Osteoporosis

• PhD candidate, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University.
• MD, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University.

• Lecturer, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
• Attending Physician, Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch
• Researcher, Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University Hospital.

Low back pain caused by old age frailty is a pathological condition that is clinically manifested as pain. Fracture and limb disability may lead to loss of independence and the need for long-term care. Chronic pain is a complicated condition involving sensation, emotion and cognition. Chronic pain has the sensory characteristics of noxious and neuropathic pain. Therefore, its evaluation and treatment require a holistic approach to the specific characteristics of the population. Pain management must include pharmacological methods, physical therapy, health education, and combined surgical treatment in most cases. It is very suitable for a shared decision-making model (SDM) for doctors and patients. Through communication, patients can freely express their preferences for treatment options, expectations and values, and finally find the most suitable solution for themselves.