任何藥品都有好處（療效）及壞處（副作用）。抗血小板藥品及抗凝血藥品（統稱抗血栓藥品）的好處是能夠預防血液中血塊的形成，減少缺血性腦中風、肺栓塞、深部靜脈栓塞或心肌梗塞的發生及其後遺症；壞處則是用藥過量時可能導致出血。因此請依照醫師指示服用抗血栓藥品，切勿自行任意停用或增減劑量。

由於抗血栓藥品會延長凝血時間，若預計需進行手術、拔牙或侵入性檢查前，應主動告訴醫師病人目前正在服用哪種抗血栓藥品，請手術醫師評估是否需要事先停藥？更重要的是也要回診請教開立抗血栓藥品的醫師是否同意停藥？或是建議延後手術？術前該停藥幾天？術後何時可以再開始服藥？是否需要使用其他替代藥品，以避免停藥太久造成栓塞的發生。

醫師會根據手術出血的風險及病人發生栓塞的可能性來評估手術前後該如何服用抗血栓藥品。一般來說，白內障手術、洗牙、拔牙、根管治療、表淺皮膚手術或是不切除息肉的胃鏡、大腸鏡檢查等低出血風險的手術，不需停用抗血栓藥品，但若需切片檢查仍以停藥為宜（可事先向原開立處方箋之主治醫師諮詢）；中度或高度出血風險的手術，則需根據抗血栓藥品的種類、病人發生栓塞的可能性及病人的檢驗數值（如腎功能或凝血功能），由醫師來決定需要如何停用抗血栓藥品（詳見下表）。

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